Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pad manufacturing.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Cellulose Fluff Pulp**: This is the primary absorbent material, derived from wood pulp. It is highly absorbent and provides the bulk of the pad’s absorbency.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: SAPs are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. They are often used in conjunction with cellulose fluff pulp to enhance the pad’s absorbency.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are designed to be soft, breathable, and allow for quick liquid penetration.
– **Perforated Films**: Some pads use a thin, perforated plastic film as the top sheet. This material is less breathable but provides a smooth, dry surface.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. It is typically made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This is a common material used for the back sheet due to its waterproof properties. It is lightweight and flexible, making it comfortable to wear.
– **Breathable Films**: Some high-end pads use breathable films that allow air to pass through while still preventing liquid leakage. This enhances comfort and reduces the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad to the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid damaging the fabric. Common types of adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are thermoplastic adhesives that are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling. They provide a strong bond and are commonly used in sanitary pad manufacturing.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives form a bond when pressure is applied. They are often used in the wings of the pad to provide additional security.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or other additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these additives can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Common additives include:

– **Fragrances**: These are added to provide a pleasant scent. However, they can be a source of irritation for some users.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: These natural extracts are sometimes added to provide a soothing effect on the skin.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to balance absorbency, comfort, and safety. From the absorbent core to the back sheet, each component plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the pad. Understanding these materials can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.